Znamię łojowe Jadassohna to częsta wrodzona zmiana skórna. W miarę rozwoju zmiany na jej powierzchni mogą tworzyć się brodawki z tendencją do krwawień i infekcji. Znamię może rozwinąć się w raka podstawnokomórkowego.
Znamię łojowe zalicza się do znamion organoidalnych, ponieważ może obejmować każdą warstwę skóry. Najczęściej pojawia się na owłosionej skórze głowy oraz szyi. Może jednak wystąpić na innych częściach ciała, np. klatce piersiowej czy czole.
Jak wygląda znamię łojowe?
Znamię łojowe Jadassohna obejmuje przerośnięty naskórek, mieszki włosowe oraz gruczoły apokrynowe i łojowe. U noworodków ma postać pojedynczego owalnego lub linijnego ogniska o różowo-pomarańczowym zabarwieniu. Na początku jest bezwłose i wypukłe, może być pokryte niewielkimi grudkami. W okresie dojrzewania znamię staje się żółtawe i pojawiają się na nim brodawki. Jego powierzchnia staje się krucha, przez co często dochodzi do krwawień. Zmiany skórne mogą wywołać nasilony świąd. Rozdrapywanie swędzącego znamienia łojowego często skutkuje zakażeniami. W wieku dojrzałym na powierzchni zmiany mogą pojawić się owrzodzenia i guzy.
Czy znamię łojowe jest groźne?
Znamię łojowe może przekształcić się w raka podstawnokomórkowego. Badania nie wykazały, jak często dochodzi do zezłośliwienia tej zmiany skórnej. W części dostępnych publikacji autorzy dowodzą, że ryzyko transformacji zmiany w raka zwiększa się wraz z dorastaniem. Odnotowuje się jednak przypadki zezłośliwienia znamienia łojowego także w wieku wczesnodziecięcym. Transformacja nowotworowa nie zawsze objawia się charakterystycznymi zmianami klinicznymi np. pojawieniem się guza w obrębie znamienia. Z tego powodu nawet jednolity, niezmienny wygląd znamienia łojowego nie świadczy o jego łagodnym charakterze.
Jakie są wskazania do usunięcia znamienia łojowego?
W związku z ryzykiem transformacji w raka zaleca się profilaktyczne wycięcie znamienia łojowego. Ponadto ze względu na wzmożoną kruchość powierzchni tej zmiany skórnej w jej obrębie często dochodzi do krwawień, a następnie infekcji. Kolejnym wskazaniem do zabiegu usunięcia znamienia jest dokuczliwy świąd i względy estetyczne – na owłosionej skórze głowy znamię łojowe często pojawia się w postaci bezwłosego ogniska.
Jak usuwa się znamię łojowe?
Znamię łojowe usuwa się chirurgicznie, zazwyczaj w znieczuleniu ogólnym. Zaleca się usunięcie go w wieku wczesnodziecięcym, ponieważ wzrost zmiany postępuje wraz z wiekiem. Ponadto plastyczność skóry, charakterystyczna dla wieku dziecięcego, ułatwia pierwotne zszycie ubytku skóry.
Źródła: „Postępowanie u chorych ze znamieniem łojowym i ryzyko rozwoju raka podstawnokomórkowego: 18-letnie obserwacje” ,w: „Dermatologia po Dyplomie”, t. 1 nr 1, 2010, s. 26-32.
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Przeczytaj także: Nawet niewielka rana lub zmiana skórna może być objawem raka skóry
Przeczytaj bezpłatnie pokrewny artykuł w czasopiśmie „Biblioteka Faktów”:
Rana po usunięciu zmiany skóry twarzy o podłożu raka podstawnokomórkowego
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