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Nowe podejście do leczenia egzemy – na czym polega?

Marta2 013 komentarzy
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Naukowcy z University of British Columbia i Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute odkryli kluczowy enzym, który odpowiada za rozwój egzemy. Odkrycie to może spowodować poprawę skuteczności terapii tego schorzenia.

Badacze kanadyjscy przeprowadzili badania, które wykazały, że enzym o nazwie granzym B ma wpływ zarówno na wystąpienie objawów skórnych egzemy, jak i na ogólną ostrość przebiegu choroby. Wyniki badań zostały opublikowane w czasopiśmie naukowym „Journal of Investrigative Dermatology”.

Osłabiona bariera ochronna

Egzema to schorzenie dermatologiczne, które przyjmuje formę ostrego lub przewlekłego stanu zapalnego. Jej przyczyn upatruje się w osłabieniu skórnej bariery ochronnej, które powoduje zwiększoną ekspozycję na alergeny. Działanie czynników alergizujących przyczynia się do wystąpienia objawów skórnych takich jak rumień, pęcherze, nadżerki, strupy i grudki zapalne, którym często towarzyszy silny świąd.

Badacze z kanadyjskich ośrodków odkryli enzym, który bierze udział w procesie chorobowym – granzym B. Jak tłumaczy prof. David Granville z University of British Columbia, który kierował badaniami:

– Pomiędzy komórkami ludzkiej skóry znajdują się białka, które ciasno wiążą te komórki ze sobą. Granzym B penetruje przez białka, które łączą komórki skóry, i osłabia w ten sposób skórną barierę ochronną. Przez to czynniki alergizujące łatwiej przedostają się do organizmu, powodując reakcję zapalną – wyjaśnia ekspert.

Nowy model leczenia

Badacze z University of British Columbia i Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute odkryli, że zneutralizowanie działania granzymu B za pomocą genetycznej modyfikacji lub leczenia miejscowego może zapobiec uszkodzeniu przez enzym warstwy ochronnej skóry i dzięki temu złagodzić przebieg egzemy.

Jak wyjaśnia prof. David Granville:

– Dotychczasowe badania wskazywały na związek pomiędzy poziomem granzymu B w organizmie a ostrością przebiegu egzemy. Brakowało jednak dowodów na to, że enzym ten odgrywał sprawczą rolę w rozwoju choroby. Nasze badania dowodzą, że miejscowe leki blokujące granzym B mogą być skuteczne u pacjentów z egzemą i innymi formami zapaleń skórnych.

Mniejsze efekty uboczne

Autorzy projektu podkreślają, że stosowane dotychczas w leczeniu ostrych postaci egzemy kortykosteroidy mogą powodować efekty uboczne, takie jak np. ścieńczenie skóry. Skutkiem tego może być dalsze zwiększenie podatności skóry na uszkodzenia i infekcje. Żel lub krem blokujący działanie granzymu B mógłby stanowić bezpieczniejszą i bardziej efektywną alternatywę w przypadku przedłużonego leczenia.

Jak podkreśla dr Chris Turner, współautor badań:

– Lek do stosowania miejscowego, który blokuje szkodliwe działanie granzymu B, mógłby powodować mniej skutków ubocznych niż kortykosteroidy lub nie wywoływać ich wcale. Ponadto ograniczyłby epizody zaostrzeń choroby.

Choć do opracowania komercyjnie dostępnej terapii jeszcze daleka droga, badacze kanadyjscy uważają wyniki badań za obiecujące i planują kolejne testy kliniczne nad granzymem B oraz jego inhibitorami.

Źródło: https://www.sciencedaily.com/

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