Podczas urazów klatki piersiowej pacjenci odczuwają silny ból, który jest przyczyną płytkiego oddechu. To prowadzi do upośledzenia wentylacji, niedodmy miąższu płucnego, zalegania wydzieliny w drzewie oskrzelowym, aż w końcu do niewydolności oddechowej.
Jak powinna wyglądać opieka pielęgniarska po urazach klatki piersiowej?
Wśród najważniejszych zadań w opiece pielęgniarki nad tego typu pacjentami jest m.in. monitorowanie parametrów życiowych, takich jak tętno, oddechy, ciśnienie tętnicze krwi, zabarwienie powłok skórnych czy temperatura ciała. Ponadto należy pobrać od takiego pacjenta krew do badań, w tym badania gazometrycznego.
Zadaniem pielęgniarki w minitorowaniu stanu zdrowia pacjenta po urazie klatki piersiowej jest także prowadzenie karty obserwacyjnej i bilansu płynów, uzupełnianie niedoborów wodno-elektrolitowych oraz podawanie leków przeciwbólowych i przeciwkaszlowych.
Rolą personelu pielęgniarskiego jest również prowadzenie gimnastyki oddechowej i profilaktyki przeciwodleżynowej, a także asystowanie w wykonywaniu czynności zabiegowych przez lekarza i zakładanie drenu do klatki piersiowej czy zakładanie blokad przeciwbólowych.
Pozostałe kompetencje pielęgniarek w opiece nad chorym z urazem klatki piersiowej to zabezpieczenie i obserwacja drenażu założonego do jamy opłucnej i opatrunków wokół drenu, jak również współudział w farmakoterapii i przygotowanie chorego do zabiegu operacyjnego.
Źródło: Głuszek S., Chirurgia Podstawy, Wydanie II uaktualnione i rozszerzone Warszawa 2019
Przeczytaj także: Ropowica – groźne zapalenie tkanki łącznej
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