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Nowatorski materiał posłuży do stworzenia wytrzymalszych implantów kości i zębów

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Eksperci z John Hopkins University opracowali materiał, którego twardość zmienia się w zależności od oddziałujących na niego sił. Inspirację stanowiły mechanizmy mineralizacji raf koralowych i ludzkich kości. Odkrycie może znaleźć zastosowanie m.in. w leczeniu urazów kości.

Zespół naukowców, któremu przewodził prof. Sung Hoon Kang z Wydziału Inżynierii Zespół naukowców pod przewodnictwem prof. Sung Hoon Kanga z Wydziału Inżynierii Mechanicznej John Hopkins University opracował materiał, który ma zdolność adaptacji do otaczającego środowiska. Odkrycie to stanowi krok naprzód ku stworzeniu substancji, która będzie modyfikować swoje właściwości w taki sposób, by przygotować się na zwiększony nacisk lub ograniczyć uszkodzenia.

Nowoczesne implanty

Jak tłumaczy prof. Sung Hoon Kang, odkrycie jego zespołu może się przyczynić do stworzenia wytrzymalszych, bezpieczniejszych implantów kości i zębów. Takie implanty samoczynnie utwardzałyby się i wzmacniały w tych obszarach, gdzie oddziałuje na nie znaczna siła. Nie wymagałyby przy tym konserwacji ani zwiększonej kontroli. Ekspert wskazuje także, że ryzyko komplikacji byłoby minimalne, a cała procedura nie wymagałaby dużych nakładów finansowych ani czasowych.

Inspiracja naturą

Naukowcy z amerykańskiego ośrodka przy opracowywaniu nowatorskiego materiału wzorowali się na strukturach biologicznych. Jak wskazują autorzy projektu, przykładem struktury, która posiada zdolność samoregulacji, jest tkanka kostna. Za pomocą sygnałów stymulujących komórki kości regulują poziom absorbowanych z krwi minerałów. Naukowcy zaadaptowali ten mechanizm do stworzonego przez siebie materiału.

Nowatorska metoda

Prof. Sung Hoon Kang i jego współpracownicy wykorzystali jako podstawę struktury materiały, które mają zdolność wytwarzania ładunków elektrycznych proporcjonalnych do działającej na nie siły zewnętrznej. Ładunki te posłużyły jako sygnały do rozpoczęcia procesu mineralizacji na bazie jonów mineralnych dostępnych w środowisku.

Błony polimerowe wykorzystanych przez zespół naukowców materiałów zostały zanurzone w symulowanym płynie ustrojowym, który naśladował stężenie jonowe w ludzkim osoczu krwi. W następstwie na powierzchni materiałów zaczęła się wykształcać warstwa minerałów, której skład mógł być kontrolowany poprzez zmianę zawartości jonów mineralnych w płynie ustrojowym.

Następnie zespół naukowców zaczął w kontrolowany sposób zwiększać naprężenia materiału w niektórych obszarach. Zaobserwowano, że w obszarach o zwiększonym naprężeniu nagromadzona warstwa minerałów jest proporcjonalnie większa.

Naukowcy podkreślają, że zastosowana przez nich metoda jest prosta, nie wymaga dużych nakładów finansowych i nie jest szkodliwa dla środowiska.

Źródło: https://www.sciencedaily.com/

 

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