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Terapia masażem pozwala przyspieszyć regenerację tkanek po urazie

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Jak wynika z badań przeprowadzonych przez naukowców z Harvardu, poddawanie mięśni precyzyjnemu, powtarzalnemu uciskowi pozwala na szybszą regenerację tkanki po urazie. Według autorów projektu uzyskane wyniki mogą stanowić pierwszy krok do opracowania nieinwazyjnych i niefarmakologicznych metod leczenia różnych typów tkanek.

Zespół naukowców z Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering oraz John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) przeprowadzili badania, które wskazują, że odpowiednio wykonany masaż (mechanoterapia) usuwa z uszkodzonej tkanki neutrofile i cytokiny zapalne, co przyspiesza proces regeneracji włókien mięśniowych. Wyniki badań zostały opublikowane w czasopiśmie naukowym „Science Translational Medicine”.

Jak podkreśla dr Bo Ri Seo z Wyss Institute, jedna z głównych autorów projektu, uzyskane przez jej zespół wyniki mogą mieć bezpośrednie przełożenie na postępy w medycynie regeneracyjnej:

– Pozytywne efekty masażu i innych metod mechanoterapii nie zostały dotychczas wystarczająco zbadane. Nasze badania wskazują na związek pomiędzy mechaniczną stymulacją i funkcjonowaniem układu odpornościowego. Umożliwi to opracowanie nowych metod regenerowania uszkodzonej tkanki kostnej, ścięgien, a także skóry. Jest to obiecujące również dla pacjentów z chorobami, które uniemożliwiają leczenie farmakologiczne – wskazuje ekspertka.

Autorzy projektu zwracają uwagę, że dokonane przez nich odkrycia mogą zostać bardzo szybko wprowadzone do praktyki klinicznej.

Precyzyjny masaż przyspiesza gojenie

Zespół pod kierunkiem dr Bo Ri Seo we współpracy z ekspertami z zakresu robotyki stworzył urządzenie, które dzięki wbudowanym sensorom i aktuatorom pozwala precyzyjnie kontrolować siłę i częstotliwość mechanicznej stymulacji tkanki. Urządzenie zostało następnie wykorzystane do pomiaru parametrów stymulacji uszkodzonych mięśni nóg u myszy. Masaż był wykonywany za pomocą miękkiej silikonowej końcówki przez 14 dni. Wpływ mechanoterapii monitorowano za pomocą obrazowania ultradźwiękowego.

Wyniki badań wykazały, że zarówno tkanka poddana mechanoterapii, jak i tkanka, która nie podlegała stymulacji, uległy regeneracji, jednak w przypadku tkanki stymulowanej mechanicznie efekty gojenia były bardziej widoczne. Naukowcy zaobserwowali również, że im większa siła była wywierana na tkankę podczas terapii, tym mocniejsza się ona stawała.

Niższy poziom cytokin prozapalnych

Analiza tkanki poddanej mechanoterapii wykazała, że poziom cytokin prozapalnych i neutrofili jest w niej znacznie niższy niż w nieleczonej tkance. Dzięki wykorzystaniu obrazowania fluorescencyjnego naukowcy zaobserwowali, że w tkance poddawanej systematycznemu uciskowi zwiększa się ruchliwość molekuł, co pozwala na „wyciśnięcie” komórek odpornościowych z miejsca urazu.

Dalsze badania w warunkach in vitro wykazały, że przedłużona obecność neutrofili w tkance mięśniowej zaburza jej zdolność do tworzenia nowych włókien, dlatego mechaniczne usunięcie tych komórek pozwala przyspieszyć proces gojenia po urazie. Ponadto naukowcy dowiedli, że nowe włókna powstałe w tkance mięśniowej poddanej mechanoterapii są większe i bardziej wytrzymałe.

Mniej inwazyjna metoda terapii

Autorzy projektu wskazują, że uzyskane przez nich wyniki dowodzą związku pomiędzy mechanobiologią a immunologią, który jest kluczowy dla procesu gojenia tkanek. Opracowana przez nich metoda mechanoterapii może wykazywać równą skuteczność co terapie chemiczne i genowe przy znacznie mniejszej inwazyjności.

W kolejnych etapach badań naukowcy planują przetestować nową metodę terapii na większych zwierzętach, co pozwoli na dotarcie do etapu badań klinicznych z udziałem ludzi. Badania mają zostać przeprowadzone na różnych typach ran i urazów.

Źródło: sciencedaily.com

 

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