Pajęcza sieć to wyjątkowa kombinacja siły i elastyczności, jeden z najtrwalszych materiałów występujących w przyrodzie. Izraelski start-up Seevix opracował biomateriał, który posiada właściwości pajęczyny. Jedną z dziedzin, w których wynalazek może znaleźć zastosowanie, jest medycyna.
Start-up Seevix informuje, że opracował genetycznie unikalną sekwencję DNA wspieraną poprzez proces fermentacji. Dzięki wykorzystaniu bakterii, cukru, drożdży i wody powstał materiał, który naśladuje naturalny proces tworzenia włókien i cechy jedwabiu pajęczego.
Innowacyjne włókno
Opracowane przez Seevix innowacyjne włókno z pajęczyny można łączyć z innymi materiałami, co pozwoli opracować mocniejsze, lżejsze i cieńsze tkaniny do zastosowania m.in. w medycynie. Syntetyczny jedwab pajęczy zapewnia materiałom większą wytrzymałość, elastyczność i trwałość. Można wykorzystać go do tworzenia lekkich i trwałych implantów i rusztowań w ortopedycznej chirurgii rekonstrukcyjnej, implantów dentystycznych, a także do opracowania bioopatrunków przyspieszających gojenie się ran.
Materiał posiada konstrukcję przypominającą budowę gąbki. Składa się z nanowłókien, które są ze sobą splątane, ale między nimi występują szczeliny, które wypełnić można składnikami aktywnymi, np. substancjami antybakteryjnymi. W momencie kontaktu ze skórą składniki te stopniowo uwalniają się do rany. Materiał z zawartością pajęczyny jest nie tylko wytrzymały, ale też przyjazny dla środowiska i wpisuje się w ideę zrównoważonego rozwoju.
Pajęczyna pomaga leczyć rany
Start-up Seevix nie jest pierwszym, który szuka zastosowania pajęczyny w medycynie. W 2020 r. naukowcy z University of Bayreuth opracowali substancję na bazie pajęczyny, która zapobiega zakażeniom i wspiera regenerację ludzkich tkanek. Wskazano wówczas, że produkt może znaleźć zastosowanie w produkcji opatrunków, implantów, protez, sztucznych tkanek do przeszczepów, a także soczewek kontaktowych. Materiał na bazie pajęczyny skutecznie radzi sobie również ze zwalczaniem biofilmu. Jest odporny na kolonizację bakterii i działa bójczo na bakterie oporne na antybiotyki. Wynalazek wspiera także adhezję i proliferację komórek, dzięki czemu aktywnie wspomaga gojenie ran.
Nieco wcześniej, bo w 2017 r., naukowcy z University of Nottingham opracowali materiał z pajęczyny, w którego włókna wszczepili substancję antybakteryjną. Takie rozwiązanie również może być wykorzystane w leczeniu ran. Angielscy naukowcy do produkcji opatrunku wykorzystali technikę, która pozwala na spajanie nanocząsteczek z podłożem. Badacze zaprojektowali materiał na podstawie pajęczej sieci, a następnie dołączyli do jego materii lek antybakteryjny. To rozwiązanie pozwala na opracowanie opatrunku, który przez 5 dni powoli uwalnia substancję do rany. Opatrunek wspomaga również regenerację tkanek.
Pajęczyna silniejsza niż stal
Firmy zajmujące się produkcją biomateriałów od lat starają się powielić właściwości pajęczej sieci. Cechujący się wytrzymałością, twardością i trwałością materiał znajduje zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach.
Pojedyncza nitka z sieci pajęczej wykazuje siłę pięciokrotnie większą niż stal o tej samej średnicy. – Pajęczyna o średnicy ołówka prawdopodobnie byłaby w stanie zatrzymać boeinga 747 podczas lotu – mówi Shlomzion Shen, dyrektor generalny i współzałożyciel Seevix Material Sciences.
Źródła: University of Nottingham, The Times of Israel
Przeczytaj także: Terapia i profilaktyka ran w przebiegu pęcherzowego oddzielania się naskórka (Epidermolysis bullosa)
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