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Hydrożelowy opatrunek ochroni nawet przed opornymi bakteriami

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Naukowcy z Uniwersytetu Technicznego Chalmersa w Szwecji opracowali materiał opatrunkowy zapobiegający infekcjom rany. Specjalnie zaprojektowany hydrożel chroni przed wszystkimi rodzajami bakterii, nawet tymi, które uodporniły się na antybiotyki.

Substancja aktywna hydrożelu to peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, białka, które naturalnie występują w układzie odpornościowym człowieka. – Ten typ peptydów sprawia, że istnieje bardzo małe prawdopodobieństwo wykształcenia przez bakterię odporności – wskazuje Martin Andersson, kierownik badań i profesor na Wydziale Chemii i Inżynierii Chemicznej Uniwersytetu Technicznego Chalmersa.

Peptydy naturalnie występujące w organizmie człowieka

Zaprojektowana przez szwedzkich naukowców substancja hydrożelowa została przetestowana na wielu bakteriach – na szczepach bakterii Gram-ujemnych i Gram-dodatnich, w tym MRSA, MDR E. Coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Martin  Andersson podkreśla, że podczas badań zaobserwowano wysoki poziom skuteczności, nawet w przypadku bakterii, które uodporniły się na antybiotyki.

Naukowcy przez długi czas analizowali, jak wykorzystać peptydy w zabezpieczaniu rany. Problem polegał głównie na tym, że peptydy w kontakcie z płynem drobnoustrojowym, takim jak np. krew, szybko traciły swoje właściwości i ulegały rozpadowi. Udało się jednak opracować nanostrukturalny hydrożel, w którym peptydy są trwale lub kowalencyjnie związane i tworzą środowisko ochronne. Edvin Blomstrand, doktorant na Wydziale Chemii i Inżynierii Chemicznej Uniwersytetu Technicznego Chalmersa oraz jeden z głównych autorów artykułu, podkreśla, że materiał jest bardzo obiecujący, a hydrożel jest delikatny dla skóry i nieszkodliwy dla komórek własnych organizmu. Zdaniem naukowców ten wynalazek, to pierwszy opatrunek, w którym z powodzeniem wykorzystano peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe. Ponadto jest opłacalny do stosowania w praktyce klinicznej i istnieje wiele możliwości jego zastosowania.

Korzystne właściwości peptydów

Korzyści, jakie płyną ze stosowania peptydów drobnoustrojowych, znane są już od kilkudziesięciu lat. Do tej pory odkryto tysiące różnych odmian peptydów występujących naturalnie w układzie odpornościowym człowieka, roślin i zwierząt. Peptydy można aplikować bezpośrednio do rany oraz na skórę, zarówno by zapobiegać, jak i leczyć infekcję. Peptydy można również wykorzystywać w różnych postaciach – jako materiały opatrunkowe lub cewniki.

– Do tej pory zastosowanie peptydów wyobrażaliśmy sobie jako opatrunek na ranę. Ale pracujemy też nad badaniem dotyczącym potencjału peptydów w postaci sprayu do opatrywania ran – informuje Edvin Blomstrand z Uniwersytetu Technicznego Chalmersa.

Obecnie patent materiału przejęła firma Amferia, która zaprojektowała pierwszy prototyp hydrożelowego plastra. Zanim nowy materiał będzie mógł przynieść korzyści placówkom medycznym i pacjentom, musi przejść badania kliniczne. Naukowcy przewidują ich zakończenie na 2022 r. Hydrożelowy opatrunek jest również poddawany testom weterynaryjnym do leczenia zwierząt domowych.

Źródła: sciencedaily.com, Amferia

Przeczytaj także: Leczenie rany urazowej podudzia z ubytkiem skórnym – case study i zdjęcia

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