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GUMed: operacja korekty przedramienia z wykorzystaniem wirtualnego modelowania i druku 3D

Marta1 369 komentarzy
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Zespół naukowców z Gdańskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego przeprowadził nowatorską operację na zdeformowanej kości przedramienia u 17-letniego pacjenta. Dzięki wykorzystaniu nowoczesnych metod ryzyko powikłań było znacząco mniejsze, a proces rekonwalescencji krótszy.

Lekarze z Kliniki Ortopedii i Traumatologii Narządu Ruchu Gdańskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego pod kierownictwem dr. hab. Tomasza Mazurka wykonali korektę zdeformowanej kości przedramienia u 17-letniego pacjenta. Operacja, do której wykorzystano innowacyjne narzędzia, odbyła się w Szpitalu im. Mikołaja Kopernika COPERNICUS w Gdańsku.

Druk 3D i wirtualne modelowanie w ortopedii

Jak informują autorzy zabiegu, przygotowania trwały kilka tygodni. W pierwszym etapie zdeformowana kość, która miała zostać poddana operacji, została zbadana za pomocą tomografu. Pozwoliło to na stworzenie modelu kości do wydrukowania w polimerze. Następnie lekarze opracowali analogiczny model zdrowej kości, który również został wydrukowany w technologii 3D.

W kolejnym etapie projektu wykorzystano wirtualne modelowanie do określenia, w których miejscach i pod jakim kątem należy przeciąć zdeformowane kości, aby po ponownym złożeniu ich ustawienie względem siebie było prawidłowe. Następnie zaprojektowano dedykowane do tej konkretnie operacji narzędzia chirurgiczne takie jak przymiary, druty oraz płyty i śruby, za pomocą których kość miała zostać zespolona. Narzędzia zostały wydrukowane z tytanu w technologii SLM (ang. selective laser melting, metoda wytwarzania wyrobów w sposób przyrostowy, polegająca na selektywnym spiekaniu wiązką lasera nanoszonych warstwowo sproszkowanych proszków metali). Równolegle za pomocą wirtualnego modelowania zaprojektowano implanty kości, które miały zostać wykorzystane podczas operacji.

Jak podkreślają lekarze, dzięki wykorzystaniu nowoczesnych narzędzi i technologii operacja mogła zostać precyzyjnie rozplanowana z wyprzedzeniem. Pozwoliło to na znaczące skrócenie czasu zabiegu, a w konsekwencji na zmniejszenie ryzyka powikłań i skrócenie czasu rekonwalescencji.

Jak powiedział dr hab. Tomasz Mazurek, który sprawował nadzór nad całym projektem, u tak młodego pacjenta proces gojenia i rehabilitacji zajmie zaledwie kilka tygodni. Po kilku miesiącach pacjent będzie wymagał reoperacji, podczas której lekarze usuną tytanowe implanty spajające kość.

Nowatorskie podejście

Autorzy projektu zwracają uwagę, że to nie wykorzystane narzędzia i technologie są największą innowacją, ale sam sposób ich wykorzystania. Ze względu na to, że technologia wirtualnego modelowania i druku 3D jest skomplikowana i wymaga współpracy pomiędzy lekarzami a inżynierami biomechaniki, nie była ona dotychczas stosowana na szerszą skalę w ortopedii. Rodzaj deformacji kości oraz sposób korekty jest najczęściej ustalany na podstawie zdjęcia RTG. W takim przypadku implanty są dobierane już podczas operacji, co wpływa negatywnie na precyzję zabiegu i zwiększa ryzyko błędu.

Dzięki temu, że naukowcy z GUMed zdecydowali się zastosować bardziej nowoczesne narzędzia, powrót pacjenta do zdrowia będzie szybszy, a sama operacja była łatwiejsza do przeprowadzenia.

Źródło: gumed.edu.pl

 

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