Jak wykazały badania przeprowadzone przez naukowców z Cornell University, zastosowanie komórek macierzystych pozwala skutecznie zmniejszyć żywotność MRSA. Terapia stymuluje również mechanizmy immunologiczne w otaczających ranę komórkach.
Wyniki badań przeprowadzonych przez amerykańskich naukowców wykazały, że czynniki pozyskiwane z końskich mezenchymalnych komórek zrębu (ang. mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC), będących odmianą komórek macierzystych, zmniejszyły żywotność MRSA w warunkach in vitro.
Wyniki opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym “Stem Cells Translational Medicine”.
Komórki macierzyste w walce z biofilmem
Mezenchymalne komórki zrębu mogą zostać wyizolowane m.in. ze szpiku kostnego, tkanki tłuszczowej oraz krwi. Ze względu na ich zdolność do różnicowania się w różne typy tkanek komórki te znalazły szerokie zastosowanie w medycynie regeneracyjnej. Dotychczasowe badania naukowe dowiodły, że komórki MSC mają zdolność stymulowania angiogenezy oraz zmniejszania stanu zapalnego.
Projekt przeprowadzony przez naukowców z Cornell University pozwolił odkryć ich kolejną właściwość. Wyniki badań amerykańskich naukowców wykazały, że sekretom pozyskany z mezenchymalnych komórek zrębu skutecznie zmniejsza obciążenie bakteryjne w ranie z biofilmem zawierającym komórki MRSA.
Badania na końskiej skórze
Naukowcy z Cornell University przeprowadzili testy z użyciem modeli końskiej skóry, ponieważ wykazuje ona podobieństwa do skóry ludzkiej w zakresie powstawania i leczenia różnych rodzajów ran trudno gojących się.
W warunkach laboratoryjnych stworzono modele ran zakażonych szczepami MRSA i MSSA. Następnie rany poddano 24-godzinnej terapii antybiotykami lub sekretomem MSC. Po zakończeniu okresu leczenia naukowcy zbadali i porównali poziom obciążenia bakteryjnego w obu modelach.
Wyniki wykazały, że komórki MSC skutecznie niszczą strukturę biofilmu MRSA poprzez wydzielanie proteaz cysteinowych, które naruszają macierz zewnątrzkomórkową. Mechanizm ten zwiększa również skuteczność antybiotyków, które wcześniej nie dawały pozytywnych efektów w zwalczaniu MRSA. Ponadto w badaniach udało się wykazać, że komórki MSC wydzielają cytokinę CCL2, która zwiększa aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową keratynocytów poprzez stymulację ekspresji katelicydyny AMP oraz beta-defensyny. Oznacza to, że mezenchymalne komórki zrębu nie tylko wykazują właściwości antybakteryjne, ale również stymulują odpowiedź immunologiczną organizmu.
Jak podkreśla dr Charlotte Marx, jedna z autorek projektu, wyniki badań są obiecujące, jednak w tej chwili nie mają bezpośredniego przełożenia na praktykę kliniczną ze względu na to, że zostały uzyskane w warunkach in vitro. Jak wyjaśnia ekspertka, biofilm obecny w ranach trudno gojących się może mieć bardziej zróżnicowaną architekturę oraz wzory macierzy komórkowej niż modele stworzone w laboratorium.
Superbakterie poważnym wyzwaniem dla medycyny
Metycylinooporny gronkowiec złocisty to jeden z głównych czynników etiologicznych w zakażeniach szpitalnych. Odsetek pacjentów, u których występuje kolonizacja tym drobnoustrojem, może sięgać nawet 70%. Leczenie zakażenia MRSA wiąże się z trudnościami ze względu na współistnienie mechanizmów oporności na większość dostępnych na rynku antybiotyków.
Obecność struktury biofilmu z zawartością szczepu MRSA w ranie trudno gojącej się może spowodować znaczne komplikacje w procesie leczenia. Z tego względu poszukiwanie nowych metod zwalczania infekcji MRSA ma bardzo istotne znaczenie dla postępów w dziedzinie terapii ran.
Źródło:
Ch. Marx, S. Gardner i in., “Mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted CCL2 promotes antibacterial defense mechanisms through increased antimicrobial peptide expression in keratinocytes”, “Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” 2021.
Przeczytaj także: Opatrunek hydrożelowy dostarczający tlen przyspiesza gojenie ran cukrzycowych
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