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Rockefeller University: powstał nowy środek przeciwko A. baumannii i innym opornym szczepom bakterii

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Zespół naukowców z Nowego Jorku opracował substancję, która potencjalnie może zastąpić antybiotyki stosowane w bakteryjnych zakażeniach szpitalnych. Nowy środek wykazał w testach skuteczność przeciwko opornym bakteriom, w tym A. baumannii.

Naukowcy z Rockefeller University opracowali nowe narzędzie do walki z wielolekoopornymi zakażeniami szpitalnymi. Związek o nazwie makolacyna to pochodna kolistyny – antybiotyku polipeptydowego stosowanego w zakażeniach szpitalnych wywoływanych przez bakterie Gram-ujemne. Wyniki badań opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym „Nature”.

Badania nad genomem bakterii

Kolistyna to związek o działaniu przeciwdrobnoustrojowym produkowany przez bakterie glebowe. W naturze bakterie te wykorzystują kolistynę do zwalczania innych szczepów.

Zespół naukowców z Rockefeller University pod kierunkiem prof. Seana F. Brady’ego postanowił zbadać, czy istnieją związki produkowane przez bakterie glebowe w odpowiedzi na rosnącą oporność wobec kolistyny.

W tym celu naukowcy wykorzystali innowacyjną metodę badawczą, która pozwala ominąć ograniczenia związane z tradycyjnymi metodami pozyskiwania nowych środków antybakteryjnych. Zamiast hodować bakterie w warunkach laboratoryjnych i pozyskiwać produkowane przez nie substancje, naukowcy przebadali DNA bakterii w poszukiwaniu odpowiednich genów.

Badaniom poddano ponad 10 000 genomów. Pozwoliło to wyłonić 35 grup genów, które mogą produkować struktury analogiczne do kolistyny. Jedna z wyłonionych grup zawierała geny, które potencjalnie mogłyby doprowadzić do produkcji zupełnie nowego związku. W ramach dalszych badań naukowcy opracowali strukturę tej nowej molekuły i przeprowadzili jej chemiczną syntezę. Nowy związek otrzymał nazwę makolacyna.

Jak wykazały dalsze badania, makolacyna jest skuteczna w zwalczaniu szczepów bakterii, które wykształciły wcześniej oporność na kolistynę. Do szczepów tych należą m.in. N. gonorrhoeae oraz A. baumannii.

Nowa metoda walki z opornością

Jak zwracają uwagę naukowcy z zespołu prof. Seana Brady’ego, metodę badania genomów bakterii można z powodzeniem wykorzystać do walki z innymi lekoopornymi szczepami bakterii.

Dowodzą tego najnowsze badania opublikowane w czasopiśmie naukowym „Nature Microbiology”. Naukowcy z Rockefeller University wykorzystali metodę badania genomów do analizy antybiotyków z grupy MBA (ang. menaquinone-binding antibiotics, antybiotyki wiążące menachinon). Pozwoliło to wyłonić nowe związki, które w badaniach laboratoryjnych wykazały skuteczność przeciwko szczepom MRSA.

Nowe antybiotyki a leczenie ran

Odkrycie naukowców z Nowego Jorku może mieć duży wpływ na postępy w dziedzinie leczenia ran. Zakażenia ran szczepami opornymi, w tym A. baumannii oraz MRSA, to rosnący problem kliniczny związany z wysokimi kosztami terapii oraz znacznym wydłużeniem procesu leczenia ran. Odkrycie nowych środków przeciwdrobnoustrojowych oraz metod ich pozyskiwania może pozwolić na skuteczniejsze leczenie ran trudno gojących się.

Źródło: sciencedaily.com

 

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