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Naukowcy opracowują przeciwbakteryjny opatrunek z jonami miedzi

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Zespół badaczy z NUST MISIS w Rosji wraz z ekspertami z Czech i Nowosybirska zaprojektował nanowłókna pokryte jonami miedzi. Rozwiązanie może posłużyć do opracowania nowego opatrunku, który działa dwupoziomowo – z jednej strony szybko uwalnia jony miedzi, które zabijają bakterie, a z drugiej – stymuluje regenerację tkanek i aktywuje komórki odpornościowe.

Eksperci podkreślają, że antybakteryjne właściwości miedzi znane są od czasów starożytnych. Na przykład Egipcjanie wykorzystywali ją do dezynfekcji wody pitnej i ran, a Hipokrates zalecał jej stosowanie w terapii zakażeń owrzodzeń. Podczas I wojny światowej zauważono, że w ranach, w których przez dłuższy czas pozostawały fragmenty łuski naboju, która zawierała miedź, rzadziej dochodziło do infekcji. Teraz międzynarodowy zespół naukowców postanowił wykorzystać miedź do powlekania nanowłókien i produkcji materiałów opatrunkowych.

Nanowłókna z miedzią sprzyjały supresji kolonii bakterii E. coli i S. aureus

Międzynarodowemu zespołowi naukowców udało się po raz pierwszy zastosować miedź na wrażliwych na ciepło nanowłóknach polimerowych.

– Przedstawiliśmy prostą, niezawodną i skalowalną metodę wytwarzania nanowłókien pokrytych miedzią, opartą na rozpylaniu magnetronowym miedzi na biodegradowalne, zatwierdzone przez FDA nanowłókna polikaprolaktonu (PCL). Termoczułe nanowłókna polimerowe nigdy nie były testowane jako podłoże dla osadzanie miedzi za pomocą rozpylania magnetronowego. Głównym problemem było nałożenie dobrze przylegającej powłoki metalicznej na powierzchnię membrany PCL o wysokiej zawartości miedzi bez niszczenia struktury nanowłókien podłoża – zaznaczyła Elizaveta Permyakova, współautorka pracy, pracownik naukowy NUST MISIS Inorganic Nanomaterials Laboratory.

Otrzymane nanowłókna zostały przetestowane jako środki przeciwbakteryjne dla różnych drobnoustrojów Gram-dodatnich i Gram-ujemnych. Badania wykazały, że szybkie uwalnianie miedzi prowadziło do znacznej supresji kolonii bakterii E. coli i S. aureus. Ponadto jony miedzi wykazały właściwości aktywizacji komórek układu odpornościowego. Eksperci wskazują również, że powłoki polimerowe osadzone na powierzchni nanowłókien mogą służyć jako podłoże przyspieszające działanie żywotnych białek, peptydów lub leków.

Eksperci wyjaśniają, że pokryte miedzią nanowłókna mogą stać się doskonałym materiałem antybakteryjnym służącym do opracowania opatrunków. Materiał można wykorzystać do produkcji opatrunków bez ograniczeń wymiarowych, co ma szczególne znaczenie w procesie produkcji.

Jaką rolę odgrywa miedź w procesie gojenia ran?

Miedź jest również mikroelementem niezbędnym w naszej diecie. Pierwiastek ten reguluje pracę wielu enzymów w ludzkim organizmie, a także bierze m.in. udział w utrzymaniu prawidłowego funkcjonowania skóry, naczyń krwionośnych, komórek nabłonka czy tkanki łącznej. Ponadto miedź ma kluczowe zadanie w produkcji hemoglobiny, mieliny i melaniny oraz w transporcie elektronów i tlenu. Pierwiastek ten uczestniczy także w procesie krzepnięcia krwi.

Miedź jest również koenzymem oksydaz lizynowych, odpowiedzialnych za tworzenie wiązań poprzecznych w kolagenie i elastynie. W procesie leczenia ran miedź stymuluje angiogenezę oraz reguluje funkcję peptydu miedzianego GHK, odpowiedzialnego za stymulację aktywności przeciwzapalnej i immunologicznej, a także syntezę kolagenu i glikozoaminoglikanów. Pierwiastek ten ma także kluczową rolę w procesie leczenie oparzeń, podczas których dochodzi do znacznych strat miedzi. Istotne jest, by pacjenci, którzy doznali oparzeń uzupełniali jego niedobory.

Źródła: prnewswire.com, forumleczeniaran.pl, doktorb.pl, K. Piorun, A. Krajewski i in., „Rola miedzi, selenu i cynku w leczeniu oparzeń”, „Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia” 2018, 6(2): 57-60.

 

Przeczytaj także: 3 mikroelementy istotne dla gojenia ran

 

 

Przeczytaj bezpłatnie pokrewny artykuł w czasopiśmie „Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia”:

Rola miedzi, selenu i cynku w leczeniu oparzeń

 

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