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Urazy, otarcia i podrażnienia miejsc intymnych u kobiet – jak sobie z nimi radzić i jak im zapobiegać?

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Otarcia i urazy okolic intymnych najczęściej są skutkiem noszenia zbyt ciasnej bielizny, nieprawidłowej depilacji, niedostatecznego nawilżenia pochwy przed stosunkiem czy zmian hormonalnych. Obrażenia mogą powodować swędzenie, pieczenie, zaczerwienienia i obrzęk. W przypadku uszkodzenia nabłonka pochwy może pojawić się niewielkie krwawienie.

Nabłonek, który wyściela pochwę oraz wargi sromowe jest niezwykle wrażliwy i delikatny, dlatego jest bardziej podatny na różne uszkodzenia, w tym infekcje. Nawet najdrobniejszy uraz, niewielka rana czy otarcie w okolicach intymnych może prowadzić do rozwoju zakażenia bakteryjnego, grzybiczego czy pierwotniaków.

Co wywołuje podrażnienia i urazy okolic intymnych?

Do otarć i podrażnień pochwy dochodzi szczególnie w okresie przedmenstruacyjnym, ponieważ okolice intymne są wówczas nabrzmiałe i bardziej wrażliwe na bodźce mechaniczne. Nawet szorstki ręcznik, podpaska, tampon czy wkładka higieniczna mogą być przyczyną obrażeń.

Podrażnieniom pochwy sprzyja również suchość pojawiająca się np. po menopauzie, w przypadku zaburzeń hormonalnych czy stosowaniu doustnej antykoncepcji hormonalnej, a także nieprawidłowego nawilżania pochwy przed stosunkiem seksualnym. Niejednokrotnie przyczyną otarć i urazów jest nieprawidłowo przeprowadzona depilacja, np. wykonana zbyt ostrą maszynką do golenia z użyciem niewłaściwego żelu lub mydła. Należy pamiętać, że w celach depilacyjnych kluczowe jest używanie specjalnych, hipoalergicznych pianek i żeli, które ograniczają ryzyko podrażnienia. Do podrażnień okolic intymnych mogą także przyczyniać się chemiczne środki antykoncepcyjne stosowane miejscowo czy zbyt ciasna bielizna. 

Niekiedy przyczyną powstawania obrażeń miejsc intymnych jest również alergia wywołana np. przez chlor zawarty w wodzie basenowej, zapachowy papier toaletowy, płyny do kąpieli oraz proszki do prania, a także lateks, z którego produkowane są prezerwatywy.

Jak radzić sobie z otarciami w okolicach pochwy?

Objawy otarć wywołanych czynnikiem mechanicznym dotyczą dyskomfortu, bólu miejsc intymnych, krwawienia z okolic uszkodzonych, pieczenia, swędzenia. Ponadto pochwa może być zaczerwieniona, a śluzówka obrzęknięta. Uszkodzony nabłonek może generować ryzyko infekcji, dlatego bardzo ważne jest, by jak najszybciej zastosować odpowiednią maść łagodzącą odbudowującą naskórek, taką jak alantan, maść z nagietka czy lanolina. Zapobiegawczo można zastosować miejscowo probiotyki ginekologiczne, które wpłyną pozytywnie na proces gojenia i zapobiegną infekcji.

W przypadkach, gdy podrażnienie wywołane jest alergią, skuteczna może okazać się zmiana proszku do prania czy płynu do kąpieli. Gdy otarcie i podrażnienie spowodowało niewielką ranę, miejsce naruszenia ciągłości skóry należy dokładnie oczyszczać np. wodą z mydłem antyalergicznym. Można je również zabezpieczyć produktem o właściwościach antybakteryjnych i przeciwgrzybiczych, np. z zawartością oktenidyny w formie kremu, co zregeneruje również naskórek. Jeżeli do otarcia doszło wewnątrz pochwy, można zastosować okrenidynę w formie sprayu. W przypadku większych ran czy objawów infekcji, należy w pierwszej kolejności zgłosić się do lekarza ginekologa.

Jakie są objawy infekcji miejsc intymnych?

Zdarza się jednak, że zastosowane środki nie uchronią przed infekcją bakteryjną czy grzybiczą. Wówczas dochodzi do stanu zapalnego pochwy, któremu sprzyjają uszkodzenia błony śluzowej, naskórka warg sromowych i pochwy, zmiana odczynu pH, zaburzenia równowagi flory bakteryjnej oraz obniżona odporność organizmu. Objawami stanu zapalnego są: ból, pieczenie, świąd, zmiana wydzieliny pochwowej, nieprzyjemny zapach, obrzęk, zaczerwienienie.

Do bakteryjnego zapalenia pochwy zazwyczaj dochodzi przez zakażenia drobnoustrojami: Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli oraz Chlamydia trachomatis. Infekcji mogą towarzyszyć następujące objawy: żółte upławy o nieprzyjemnym zapachu, swędzenie, ból pochwy i podbrzusza, obfite i gęste upławy. Grzybica pochwy najczęściej wywołana jest przez drożdżaki Candida Albicans. Stan zapalny będzie wówczas objawiał się świądem i białymi, serowatymi upławami. Stan zapalny może być również wywołany pierwotniakiem – rzęsistkiem pochwowym, co objawia się świądem, pieczeniem sromu i pochwy, bólem w podbrzuszu, parciem na pęcherz moczowy, upławami o kolorze zielonożółtym.

Stan zapalny pochwy w praktyce klinicznej leczony jest odpowiednimi antybiotykami. Lek zazwyczaj dobierany jest przez lekarza i jest dostosowany do rodzaju zakażenia oraz zaawansowania choroby.

Jak zapobiegać urazom i otarciom pochwy?

By nie dopuścić to powstania rany w okolicy intymnej należy stosować się do kilku zasad. Pierwszą z nich jest prawidłowa higiena. Zalecane jest stosowanie preparatów do higieny intymnej, które utrzymają prawidłowe pH w pochwie. Ponadto powinny one być łagodne, antyalergiczne, niezawierające substancji zapachowych. Należy jednak pamiętać, by pochwę myć regularnie – zbyt częsta higiena może doprowadzić do pozbawienia jej naturalnej ochrony. Kolejną zasadą, która może uchronić przed urazami i otarciami miejsc intymnych jest noszenie przewiewnej i bawełnianej lub jedwabnej bielizny. Stringi i bielizna wykonana z tworzyw sztucznych, a do tego zbyt ciasne i nieprzepuszczające powietrza mogą powodować bolesne otarcia, uszkadzać wrażliwą skórę lub nabłonek pochwy. Bardzo ważną zasadą jest również optymalne nawilżanie pochwy podczas stosunku. W tym celu można skorzystać z lubrykantów, czyli specjalnych preparatów, które nawilżają pochwę i ograniczają tarcie w czasie współżycia.

Niekiedy preparaty nawilżające okazują się niedostatecznie nawilżać pochwę, a suchość utrzymuje się narażając tym samym na powstawanie obrażeń. Warto wówczas rozważyć zabiegi z zakresu ginekologii estetycznej, np. zabieg laserowy, terapię osoczem bogatopłytkowym czy rewitalizację pochwy kwasem hialuronowym.

Źródła: invag.pl, forumginekologii.pl, zdrowie, gazeta.pl

 

Przeczytaj także: Czym jest przetoka odbytniczo-pochwowa?

 

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