Naukowcy z ośrodka North Carolina State University opracowali miękki, elastyczny system czujników zbudowany z przewodzącej impulsy elektryczne przędzy. Wynalazek pomoże wskazać punkty nacisku pomiędzy kikutem a protezą u osób po amputacjach.
Wyniki badań amerykańskich naukowców nad prototypem innowacyjnego czujnika zostały opublikowane w czasopiśmie naukowym „IEEE Sensors Journal”. Opracowane przez badaczy urządzenie składka się z włókien przewodzących impulsy nerwowe i jest podłączone do mikroskopijnego komputera. Testy z udziałem ochotników wykazały, że czujnik w wiarygodny sposób mierzy zmiany nacisku w czasie rzeczywistym.
Elektromagnetyczna siatka
Opracowanie czujnika wymagało współpracy specjalistów w dziedzinie tekstyliów, informatyki oraz inżynierii elektrycznej i biomedycznej. Naukowcy zszyli włókna przewodzącej prąd przędzy w siatkę. Dzięki małej baterii wytworzone zostało pole elektromagnetyczne. To umożliwiło naukowcom pomiar ładunku elektrycznego, który spaja włókna przędzy w każdym punkcie sieci. Ładunek zmienia się w zależności od wywieranego ucisku.
Siatka została następnie poddana izolacji i połączona z tkaniną. Dzięki podłączeniu do mikroskopijnego komputera przesyłanie danych z czujnika odbywa się w sposób ciągły. Naukowcy uwzględnili również możliwość bezprzewodowego śledzenia pomiarów za pomocą radia.
W projekcie wykorzystano dostępną komercyjnie przędzę, jednak naukowcy planują stworzenie własnych włókien o ulepszonych właściwościach, co pozwoliłoby uzyskać bardziej precyzyjne pomiary.
Innowacyjne czujniki
Jak wyjaśnia Jordan Tabor, absolwent NC State College of Textiles i główny autor badania, zaletą nowego czujnika jest to, że jest prostszy i bardziej komfortowy w użyciu niż dotychczas stosowane rozwiązania:
– Do pomiaru ciśnienia w protezach używa się obecnie sztywnych czujników, które są twarde i nieporęczne, a przy tym mogą być ciężkie. Osoby po amputacjach nie mogą korzystać z nich na co dzień, ponieważ czujniki te mogą negatywnie wpływać na dopasowanie protezy. Sztywne czujniki mogą również powodować dyskomfort. Zaprojektowany przez nas czujnik można natomiast zintegrować z tkaniną, dzięki czemu może on być noszony regularnie i nie powoduje dodatkowego dyskomfortu – tłumaczy ekspert.
Skuteczność potwierdzona badaniami
Naukowcy przetestowali skuteczność czujnika w badaniach z udziałem ochotników. W jednym z przeprowadzonych testów osoba z nogą amputowaną poniżej kolana nosiła czujnik pomiędzy kikutem a protezą. Ochotnik przenosił ciężar ciała z nogi na nogę i chodził po bieżni, co pozwoliło przetestować skuteczność pomiaru dokonywanego przez czujniki. Wyniki testu wykazały, że urządzenie wiarygodnie odzwierciedla zmiany ciśnienia w leju protezy.
Czujnik jako część protezy
W następnym etapie projektu badacze planują zintegrować czujniki bezpośrednio z lejem protezy lub stworzyć z nich element do noszenia na kształt skarpetki lub rajstopy. Celem jest umożliwienie osobom po amputacjach stałego monitorowania nacisku kikuta na protezę i szybkiego reagowania w razie wystąpienia nieprawidłowości.
Źródło: sciencedaily.com
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