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Pierwsze w Polsce zabiegi osseointegracji

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W krakowskim Szpitalu na Klinach dokonano pierwszych w Polsce zabiegów osseointegracji u pacjentów po amputacjach kończyn dolnych. Nowoczesna metoda protezowania pozwala uniknąć bólu, otarć czy owrzodzeń, które pojawiają się przy konwencjonalnych protezach. Poprawia komfort życia, umożliwiając pacjentom całkowitą swobodę ruchów kończyny we wszystkich kierunkach.

Osseointegracja jest nowoczesną metodą protezowania. Polega na śródkostnym wszczepieniu implantu (endoprotezy), który mocuje się bezpośrednio do zewnętrznych elementów protezy (egzoprotezy). Nie ma konieczności zakładania leja kikutowego. Ponadto protezę łatwo się odłącza i przyłącza, a jej założenie trwa kilka sekund.

Nowoczesna alternatywa dla konwencjonalnej protezy

Osseointegracja po raz pierwszy przeprowadzona została w Szwecji, a od 1999 r. wykonuje się ją również w Niemczech. W Polsce do tej pory nie było możliwości przeprowadzenia zabiegu. Dr Horst Aschoff, który od 15 lat zajmuje się tematem osseointegracji, podkreśla:

Osseointegracja to aktualnie największa ewolucja w operacyjnym zaopatrywaniu pacjentów po amputacjach, która stanowi nowoczesną alternatywę dla konwencjonalnej protezy z lejem, umożliwiającą pacjentom po amputacji nowy poziom kontroli ruchów i funkcjonalności, a co za tym idzie, lepsze chodzenie, poruszanie się po nierównym terenie oraz przekazywanie bodźców z podłoża w sposób zbliżony do naturalnego, których nie można doświadczyć w konwencjonalnych protezach lejowych. Zastosowanie osseointegracji pozwala również uniknąć typowych dla protez lejowych problemów takich jak dolegliwości skórne, konflikt tkanek miękkich z lejem, ból lub brak stabilności podczas noszenia protezy, co ostatecznie często prowadzi do trudności w rehabilitacji pacjentów i złych wyników funkcjonalnych.

Połączenie między kością a implantem

W przypadku osseointegracji uzyskuje się bezpośrednie połączenie między kością a implantem, dzięki czemu możliwe jest zamontowanie protezy zewnętrznej. Dr Aschoff dodaje, że po zabiegu mięśnie, które zachowały się w pozostałości kończyny, używane są w większym zakresie niż przy konwencjonalnych metodach.

Pacjent może rozróżnić np., po jakim podłożu chodzi – czy jest to beton, czy może piasek, czy też trawa. Można również w o wiele większym zakresie używać mięśnia pośladkowego, co w tradycyjnej metodzie jest po prostu niemożliwe – dodaje dr Aschoff.

Proteza nie ma kontaktu ze skórą, zatem pozwala uniknąć takich problemów jak ból, otarcia, owrzodzenia czy powstawanie ran.

Przeciwwskazania do osseointegracji

Dr Horst Aschoff pomógł już 230 pacjentom, przeprowadzając zabieg osseointegracji. Były to osoby, które doznały poważnych wypadków komunikacyjnych, a także osoby po amputacjach w wyniku nowotworu czy powikłań medycznych.

Zabieg wykonywany jest u pacjentów po amputacji kończyn dolnych lub górnych, w szczególności u osób aktywnych lub tych, które chcą wrócić do pracy wiążącej się z aktywnością fizyczną. Osseointegracja rekomendowana jest pacjentom w dobrym stanie zdrowia i stabilnym psychicznie. Zabiegowi nie mogą poddać się osoby, które przeszły amputację w wyniku postępowania cukrzycy, ze względu na wysokie ryzyko infekcji. Przeciwwskazania do zabiegu to również choroby naczyniowe operowanej kończyny i słabe krążenie krwi w wyniku m.in. miażdżycy. Operacji nie przeprowadza się u osób, które zażywają leki rozrzedzające krew.

Osseointegracja w Polsce nie jest zabiegiem refundowanym.

Źródła: Szpital na Klinach, zdrowie.interia.pl, oswiecim.naszemiasto.pl

Przeczytaj także: Enukleacja gałki ocznej – skutki uboczne i pielęgnacja po zabiegu

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