Naukowcy z Nowego Jorku zidentyfikowali mechanizmy, które odgrywają ważną rolę w prawidłowym rozwoju skóry. Odkrycie może pomóc w rozwoju terapii komórkami macierzystymi, które umożliwią hodowanie sztucznej skóry do transplantacji u pacjentów po oparzeniach i cierpiących na schorzenia o charakterze pęcherzowym.
Naukowcy z Mount Sinai Hospital odkryli, że białka z grupy Polycomb, które są odpowiedzialne za utrzymanie wzoru ekspresji genów, są niezbędne dla prawidłowego rozwoju skóry. Wyniki badań amerykańskich naukowców opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym „Genes & Development”.
Niezbędne kompleksy białkowe
Naukowcy badali grupy białek Polycomb w rozwijającej się skórze myszy. Wyniki badań wykazały, że u myszy, którym brakowało jednego z dwóch kompleksów białek Polycomb (PRC1, PRC2, ang. polycomb repressive complexes), występowały niewielkie ubytki w grubości skóry przy zachowaniu funkcjonalnej bariery skórnej. Skóra myszy, u których nie występował żaden z dwóch kompleksów białek Polycomb, wykazywała natomiast poważne defekty. Stwierdzono m.in., że naskórek tych zwierząt był wyraźnie ścieńczony i pozbawiony warstw niezbędnych do prawidłowego funkcjonowania.
Dzięki tym badaniom naukowcy odkryli, że kompleksy PRC1 i PRC2 uczestniczą w utrzymaniu prawidłowej represji genów, w szczególności czynników transkrypcyjnych niezbędnych do tworzenia tkanek innych niż skóra, przez co mają duży wpływ na kontrolę prawidłowego rozwoju skóry.
Rozwój terapii komórkami macierzystymi
Autorzy projektu uważają, że ich odkrycia mogą się przyczynić do rozwoju terapii komórkami macierzystymi, których celem jest wytworzenie sztucznej skóry do przeszczepów. Jak wyjaśniają naukowcy z Mount Sinai Hospital, odkrycie, że oba kompleksy białek Polycomb są niezbędne do prawidłowego rozwoju skóry, pozwoli ulepszyć protokoły generowania komórek skóry z komórek macierzystych. Skorzystać na tym odkryciu mogą m.in. pacjenci z rozległymi oparzeniami oraz cierpiący na pęcherzowe oddzielanie się naskórka.
Badania naukowców z Mount Sinai Hospital mogą również znaleźć zastosowanie w leczeniu nowotworów skóry. U pacjentów z tego typu nowotworami często stwierdza się nadekspresję kompleksów PRC1 i PRC2. Prowadzone są obecnie badania kliniczne nad zastosowaniem inhibitorów kompleksów białek Polycomb w terapiach onkologicznych.
Konieczne dalsze badania
Pomimo odkrycia, że kompleksy białek Polycomb są istotne dla prawidłowego rozwoju i funkcjonowania skóry, brak obecnie danych, jaką rolę odgrywają one w przypadku innych tkanek. Autorzy projektu postulują dalsze studia nad rolą kompleksów Polycomb w rozwoju i regeneracji różnych rodzajów tkanek.
Źródło: sciencedaily.com
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