Naukowcy z University of Bayreuth opracowali nowy rodzaj biomateriału o szczególnych właściwościach. Stworzona na bazie pajęczyny substancja nie tylko zapobiega zakażeniom, ale również aktywnie wspiera regenerację ludzkich tkanek.
Pajęczyna na gojenie ran
Zespół pod kierunkiem prof. Thomasa Scheibela, eksperta w dziedzinie biomateriałów, wykorzystał proteiny pozyskane z pajęczej sieci do opracowania nanomateriału o szczególnych właściwościach. Substancja ta zapobiega kolonizacji grzybiczej i bakteryjnej, a jednocześnie aktywnie wspiera regenerację tkanek, dzięki czemu może znaleźć szerokie zastosowanie w produkcji opatrunków, implantów, protez, sztucznych tkanek do przeszczepów, a także soczewek kontaktowych. Naukowcy opublikowali wyniki badań nad nowym biomateriałem w czasopiśmie naukowym „Materials Today”.
Walka z biofilmem
Opracowany przez niemieckich naukowców materiał ma wspomóc z walkę z rosnącym problemem we współczesnej medycynie, jakim jest występowanie biofilmu. Materiał na bazie pajęczyny jest odporny na kolonizację bakterii, w tym również szczepów opornych na antybiotyki takich jak MRSA. Co istotne, jak podkreślają autorzy projektu, nanomateriał nie ma właściwości cytotoksycznych. Kierujący badaniami prof. Thomas Scheibel tłumaczy, że odporność na kolonizację drobnoustrojów nie wynika ze zdolności do niszczenia komórek. Jest ona związana ze specyficzną strukturą materiału na poziomie nanokomórkowym, która uniemożliwia patogenom przyczepianie się do jego powierzchni.
Nowatorski biomateriał wspiera jednocześnie adhezję i proliferację komórek, dzięki czemu aktywnie wspomaga gojenie ran. Dzięki temu może znaleźć zastosowanie w wielu dziedzinach medycyny związanych z leczeniem ran o różnej etiologii.
Współpraca wielu zespołów
W badaniach nad nowym biomateriałem wzięli udział naukowcy z czterech jednostek naukowych University of Bayreuth: Bavarian Polymer Institute, Bayreuth Centre for Material Science & Engineering, Bayreuth Centre for Colloids & Interfaces oraz Bayreuth Centre for Molecular Biosciences. Dzięki współpracy interdyscyplinarnego zespołu możliwe było zaprojektowanie zróżnicowanych nanostruktur na bazie białek z pajęczej sieci i zoptymalizowanie ich właściwości pod kątem zastosowania w medycynie.
Jak podkreśla dr Gregor Lang, jeden z uczestników projektu:
– Natura raz jeszcze udowodniła, że stanowi doskonałą inspirację dla zaawansowanych biomateriałów. Naturalna pajęcza sieć ma silne właściwości antybakteryjne, a wykorzystanie ich w biotechnologii to ważny krok naprzód – podsumowuje ekspert.
Źródło: https://www.eurekalert.org/
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