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Hybrydowe włókna innowacją w leczeniu ubytków mięśniowych

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Międzynarodowy zespół naukowców ze Stanów Zjednoczonych i Korei Południowej opracował nową metodę leczenia rozległych ubytków tkanki mięśniowej, powstałych np. w wyniku urazu. Terapia wykorzystuje biologiczno-syntetyczne struktury oraz procedury reprogramowania komórkowego.

Naukowcy z południowokoreańskiego ośrodka naukowego Yonsei University we współpracy z amerykańskimi badaczami z Massachusetts Institute of Technology opracowali efektywną metodę leczenia wolumetrycznej utraty mięśni (ang. volumetrict muscle loss, VML), czyli schorzenia występującego w wyniku rozległego urazu (np. wypadku samochodowego) lub zabiegu chirurgicznego (np. resekcji guza). Wyniki badań opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym „Advanced Materials”.

Nowatorskie podejście

Nowatorska metoda terapii ubytków mięśniowych oparta jest na reprogramowaniu komórkowym oraz wykorzystaniu biologiczno-syntetycznych struktur mięśniowych.

Bezpośrednie reprogramowanie komórkowe (bezpośrednia konwersja) umożliwia szybkie wytwarzanie komórek docelowych przy użyciu autologicznych komórek pacjenta. W procesie reprogramowania wykorzystywane są fibroblasty, czyli komórki występujące w tkance łącznej, które biorą udział w procesach regeneracyjnych. Fibroblasty przy użyciu czynników transkrypcyjnych są przekształcane w indukowane miogenne komórki progenitorowe (ang. induced myogenic progenitor cells, iMPC). Tak uzyskane komórki iMPC zostały wykorzystane przez naukowców z Seulu i USA do regeneracji tkanki mięśniowej.

Proliferujące komórki mięśniowe zostały umieszczone przez badaczy na porowatym rusztowaniu z polikaprolaktonu (PCL), czyli materiału o wysokiej biokompatybilności. Dzięki wykorzystaniu nowoczesnych technik produkcji struktury są każdorazowo dostosowywane do kształtu i wielkości urazu. Rusztowania z PCL zostały dodatkowo wzbogacone o hydrożel z mięśniowej macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej (jeden z najczęściej stosowanych w leczeniu VML biomateriałów). Dzięki temu struktura naśladuje specyficzne dla tkanki mięśniowej mikrośrodowisko i posiada optymalne właściwości biochemiczne i mechaniczne.

Sukces w badaniach

W badaniach laboratoryjnych na mysich modelach VML wykazano, że implantacja opracowanej przez naukowców z Korei i USA struktury włókien mięśniowych sprzyja regeneracji tkanki mięśniowej ze zwiększonym unerwieniem i angiogenezą. To istotne osiągnięcie, które może mieć duży wpływ na rozwój terapii rozległych ubytków mięśniowych.

Obecnie leczenie wolumetrycznej utraty mięśni obejmuje interwencje chirurgiczne z wykorzystaniem autologicznych płatów mięśniowych lub przeszczepów w połączeniu z fizjoterapią. Transplantacja może jednak skutkować osłabieniem funkcji mięśni. Istnieje również ryzyko całkowitego odrzucenia przeszczepu. Z tego względu istnieje duże zapotrzebowanie na dodatkowe opcje terapeutyczne w leczeniu ubytków mięśniowych. Rozwiązanie opracowane przez naukowców z MIT i Yonsei University może stanowić ważny krok w ich rozwoju.

Źródło: sciencedaily.com

Przeczytaj także: Opracowano biomateriał, którego właściwości można dostosować do potrzeb pacjenta

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