Naukowcy z Penn State University opracowali metodę wypełniania ubytków kości i tkanek miękkich za pomocą biodrukarki. Wyniki projektu badawczego opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym „Advanced Functional Materials”.
Zespół naukowców z amerykańskiego ośrodka opracował technologię pozwalającą na rekonstrukcję tkanek miękkich i kości podczas jednej operacji. Wyniki przeprowadzonych przez nich badań mogą przysłużyć się do opracowania szybszych i skuteczniejszych metod leczenia rozległych urazów.
Alternatywa dla transplantacji
Na obecnym etapie rozwoju medycyny leczenie rozległych urazów obejmujących tkanki kostne i miękkie wymaga zastosowania przeszczepu tkanek pochodzących od samego pacjenta lub od dawcy. Opracowana przez naukowców z Penn State technologia może zapewnić alternatywną opcję terapeutyczną, która pozwoli wypełnić ubytek tkanek bez konieczności przeszczepu i podczas jednego zabiegu.
Naukowcy w pierwszej kolejności wykorzystali technologię biodruku do wypełnienia ubytku kostnego. W tym celu zastosowano materiał składający się m.in. z kolagenu, chitozanu, nanohydroksyapatytu oraz mezenchymalnych komórek macierzystych. Następnie naukowcy wykorzystali druk kropelkowy do stworzenia cieńszych warstw tkanki miękkiej. Wykorzystano do tego kolagen i fibrynogen w naprzemiennych warstwach ze związkami sieciującymi i wzmacniającymi wzrost. Poszczególne warstwy drukowanych tkanek różniły się składem w sposób odpowiadający warstwom prawdziwej skóry. Na kolejnym etapie badań naukowcy przeprowadzili proces druku tkanek w trakcie jednej procedury chirurgicznej.
Obiecujące wyniki badań laboratoryjnych
Wyniki badań laboratoryjnych na modelach zwierzęcych wykazały dużą skuteczność zastosowanej metody leczenia. Wykorzystanie technologii biodruku pozwoliło na wypełnienie ubytku pełnej grubości skóry o średnicy 6 mm.
Naukowcy w pierwszej kolejności przeprowadzili obrazowanie ubytku, które pozwoliło precyzyjnie określić jego geometrię. Następnie za pomocą biodrukarki ubytek wypełniono warstwą kostną oraz warstwą barierową naśladującą silnie unaczynioną okostną. Jak wyjaśnia prof. Ibrahim Ozbolat, warstwa barierowa była konieczna, aby komórki z warstw skóry nie migrowały do warstwy kostnej i w niej nie narastały. Po wypełnieniu warstwy barierowej za pomocą biodrukarki stworzono warstwy skóry właściwej i naskórka.
Jak wyjaśnia prof. Ibrahim Ozbolat, procedura drukowania tkanek trwała nie więcej niż 5 minut.
Nowa metoda leczenia
Naukowcy z Penn State planują wdrożyć metodę leczenia za pomocą biodruku tkanek u ludzi. W tym celu prowadzą współpracę z neurochirurgami, chirurgami czaszkowo-szczękowo-twarzowymi oraz chirurgami plastycznymi z ośrodka Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
Źródło: News-medical.net
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