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Suchy zębodół – jak go uniknąć i po czym poznać?

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Suchy zębodół to powikłanie, które może wystąpić po usunięciu zęba stałego, najczęściej trzonowego lub przedtrzonowego. Do czynników zwiększających ryzyko suchego zębodołu zalicza się m.in. nikotynizm oraz choroby takie jak cukrzyca oraz nadciśnienie. Sprawdź, jakie są oznaki suchego zębodołu i jak go leczyć.

W wyniku ekstrakcji zęba dochodzi do przerwania ciągłości błony śluzowej jamy ustnej i powstania rany. Suchy zębodół występuje w przypadku, gdy w miejscu zranienia nie wytworzy się skrzep albo zostanie on przedwcześnie rozpuszczony lub wypłukany. W następstwie rana po usunięciu zęba nie goi się prawidłowo i dochodzi do miejscowego zakażenia.

Jak wygląda suchy zębodół?

W przypadku wystąpienia suchego zębodołu dziąsła otaczające ranę są obrzęknięte i zaczerwienione, występuje również stan zapalny. Suchy zębodół powoduje intensywne dolegliwości bólowe, które mogą promieniować na inne części twarzy (okolice ucha, skroni i oczodołu). Mogą wystąpić zaburzenia smaku i szczękościsk.

Ze względu na lokalną infekcję u pacjenta może pojawić się nieprzyjemny zapach z ust. W niektórych przypadkach dolegliwościom towarzyszą objawy ogólne takie jak gorączka i powiększenie węzłów chłonnych.

Kto jest narażony na suchy zębodół?

Na wystąpienie suchego zębodołu najbardziej narażone są osoby po 40. roku życia. Statystycznie suchy zębodół częściej występuje u kobiet i dotyczy zębów trzonowych lub przedtrzonowych w obrębie żuchwy.

Do czynników zwiększających ryzyko suchego zębodołu należą choroby takie jak: cukrzyca, nadciśnienie tętnicze, miażdżyca, choroby nowotworowe, zaburzenia krzepnięcia, a także stany zapalne w jamie ustnej oraz wrzodziejące zapalenie dziąseł.

Ryzyko wystąpienia suchego zębodołu jest większe także u osób przyjmujących doustną antykoncepcję oraz palących papierosy. Przyczynić się może również nieprawidłowa dieta (niedobory witamin, niedożywienie).

Suchy zębodół może być również następstwem długiej i powikłanej ekstrakcji, powikłaniem po znieczuleniu lub źle przeprowadzonym zabiegu (np. w przypadku, gdy w zębodole pozostały resztki usuniętego zęba).

Suchy zębodół – jak go uniknąć?

Aby uniknąć naruszenia skrzepu, który powstaje w miejscu usunięcia zęba, przez minimum dwie godziny po zabiegu nie należy nic jeść ani pić ciepłych napojów. Zaleca się również, by ostrożnie przeprowadzać higienę jamy ustnej (przy myciu zębów należy zwracać szczególną uwagę na okolicę rany). Nie należy również stosować płukanek do ust na bazie alkoholu.

Dentyści zalecają również, by na minimum 72h po zabiegu odstawić palenie papierosów oraz picie alkoholu. Pacjent po ekstrakcji zęba powinien zrezygnować bezpośrednio po zabiegu z jedzenia twardych i pikantnych potraw oraz picia gorących napojów. Zaleca się również, by unikać wysiłku fizycznego oraz gorących kąpieli czy sauny.

Jak wygląda leczenie suchego zębodołu?

W przypadku wystąpienia objawów suchego zębodołu konieczna jest ponowna wizyta w gabinecie stomatologa. Miejsce po usunięciu zęba zostanie przez lekarza przepłukane i oczyszczone, a następnie zostaną podane leki przeciwbólowe i przeciwzapalne.

Wśród metod leczenia suchego zębodołu wymienia się żelowe opatrunki nakładane bezpośrednio na ranę oraz tabletki dozębodołowe. Mają one za zadanie zabezpieczyć okolicę rany przed uszkodzeniem i bakteriami oraz wspomagać gojenie.

W przypadku wystąpienia objawów ogólnych może zostać wdrożona antybiotykoterapia.

Źródło: mp.pl

 

Przeczytaj także: Nowatorski materiał posłuży do stworzenia wytrzymalszych implantów kości i zębów

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