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Powstało chirurgiczne narzędzie do precyzyjnej diagnostyki tkanek nowotworowych

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MasSpec Pen to innowacyjne narzędzie, które potrafi dokładnie zidentyfikować marginesy chirurgiczne tkanki zdrowej i nowotworowej. Twórcami wynalazku są naukowcy z University of Texas w Austin i Baylor College of Medicine w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Wynalazek został wykorzystany podczas operacji guzów trzustki.

MasSpec Pen jest urządzeniem służącym do spektrometrii, a także do szybkiej i nieinwazyjnej diagnostyki tkanek nowotworowych. Ma podręczną formę, a jego budowa przypomina długopis.

MasSpec w czasie rzeczywistym ocenia charakter tkanki

Dzięki wgranemu klasyfikatorowi urządzenie po zetknięciu z tkanką natychmiast ocenia, czy występują w niej zmiany nowotworowe. „Długopis” podłączony jest do komputera. Gdy MasSpec Pen zakończy analizę, na ekranie automatycznie pojawi się informacja o charakterze tkanki w postaci komunikatów „zdrowa” lub „nowotworowa”. W przypadku niektórych nowotworów, np. płuc, wynalazek ma również możliwość diagnozowania podtypu nowotworu.

Naukowcy podkreślają, że ich wynalazek może zwiększać szanse pacjentów z rakiem trzustki na przeżycie. Dzięki temu, że precyzyjnie wyznacza margines tkanki nowotworowej i zdrowej, minimalizuje ryzyko pozostawienia tkanki nowotworowej w organizmie pacjenta, co może prowadzić do rozrostu guza, konieczności poddania się kolejnej operacji, radioterapii czy chemioterapii. Również usunięcie zbyt dużej ilości zdrowej tkanki może wiązać się z powikłaniami. Dlatego zdaniem badaczy tak ważne jest dokładne określenie marginesu między tkanką zdrową a nowotworową.

Źródło: news.utexas.edu

Urządzenie może być skuteczniejsze niż obecna technologia

Obecnie jedną z najnowocześniejszych technik diagnozowania tkanki nowotworowej jest kriosekcja – procedura laboratoryjna, która polega na analizie zamrożonego wycinka tkanki. Naukowcy podkreślają, że jest to technika czasochłonna i nie w pełni precyzyjna. Przygotowanie i interpretacja próbki przez patologa zajmuje około 30 minut. Zwiększa się w tym czasie ryzyko infekcji oraz negatywnych skutków narkozy lub znieczulenia pacjenta. Wyniki są dokładne w około 70-80 proc. MasSpec Pen potrzebuje natomiast około 10 sekund na postawienie diagnozy i jest dokładny w 96 proc.

– Operacja trzustki jest bardzo złożona i szczegółowa, wymaga podejmowania na bieżąco wielu decyzji. Długotrwała analiza tkanki może mieć negatywny wpływ na wyniki operacji u pacjentów z rakiem trzustki. Technologia MasSpec Pen otwiera drzwi dla diagnostyki w czasie rzeczywistym, co oznacza, że operacje mogą być wykonywane na niespotykanym dotąd poziomie – wskazuje prof. George Van Buren ze szpitala Baylor, jeden z chirurgów, którzy wykonywali operacje z użyciem nowatorskiego narzędzia.

MasSpec z powodzeniem przeszedł badania przedkliniczne

W badaniach przedklinicznych narzędzie MasSpec Pen zostało poddane testom w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Z powodzeniem przeanalizowało 157 próbek tkanek trzustki z banków tkanek.

Następnie przetestowano skuteczność urządzenia na modelu mysim. Wyniki analiz pokazały, że MasSpec jest dokładny i nieinwazyjny. Chirurdzy postanowili przetestować narzędzie na sali operacyjnej Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center w Houston podczas pierwszych 18 operacji trzustki.

Naukowcy planują przedstawić rozwiązanie amerykańskiej Agencji ds. Żywności i Leków w celu zatwierdzenia MasSpec Pen jako urządzenia medycznego. Ich zdaniem wynalazek może znaleźć zastosowanie szczególnie u pacjentów z gruczolakorakiem, który jest najczęstszym nowotworem trzustki. Rozprzestrzenia się niezwykle szybko i jest wysoce śmiertelny. Wskaźnik przeżycia przy tym schorzeniu to około 9 proc. we wszystkich stadiach. Najskuteczniejszą opcją leczenia jest chirurgiczne usunięcie guza.

Źródła: medicalxpress.com, news.utexas.edu

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