Naukowcy z University of California San Diego opracowali hydrożel, który zapobiega zrastaniu tkanek po operacjach kardiologicznych. Przeprowadzone dotychczas testy pilotażowe na gryzoniach i świniach dały obiecujące wyniki.
Zespół bioinżynierów, chemików i lekarzy z amerykańskiego ośrodka opracował hydrożel, który zapobiega powstawaniu zrostów pooperacyjnych. Badania na szczurach dowiodły, że hydrożel całkowicie wyeliminował powstawanie zrostów, natomiast w badaniach na świniach wykazano, że powstałe zrosty były mniejsze i łatwiejsze do usunięcia. Hydrożel nie spowodował również przewlekłego stanu zapalnego.
Wyniki badań nad innowacyjną substancją opublikowano w czasopiśmie naukowym „Nature Communications”.
Skuteczność i łatwość zastosowania
Opracowany przez amerykańskich naukowców hydrożel został zaprojektowany w taki sposób, by odpowiadać zarówno na potrzeby pacjentów, jak i chirurgów.
Produkt rozpyla się bezpośrednio na tkankę, co gwarantuje łatwość użycia. Po rozpyleniu hydrożel wiąże się z komórkami mięśnia sercowego i zamienia się w miękką, elastyczną powłokę, która odgrywa rolę bariery ochronnej, ale nie ogranicza ruchu. Hydrożel można łatwo usunąć z tkanki, a po 4-6 tygodniach ulega on samorozpuszczeniu. Substancja nie ulega również pęcznieniu, co zapobiega powstawaniu zwiększonego ciśnienia w obrębie serca.
Dalsze badania na zwierzętach
W kolejnych etapach projektu naukowcy planują szerzej zakrojone testy na świniach, co pozwoli określić optymalną dawkę oraz sprawdzić, w jaki sposób hydrożel łączy się ze szwami i sączkami. Finalny etap badań ma obejmować testy na pacjentach pediatrycznych w wieku od 18 miesięcy do 2 lat. Autorzy badań przewidują, że produkt może zostać zatwierdzony przez FDA w ciągu 5 lat.
Jak zwracają uwagę naukowcy odpowiedzialni za nową technologię, może ona znaleźć zastosowanie przy operacjach dotyczących innych organów, przy których występuje ryzyko powstawania zrostów.
Zrosty pooperacyjne powszechnym problemem
Zrosty to powszechny problem w przypadku reoperacji tego samego narządu. W obszarze kardiologii mogą one dotyczyć nawet 20 proc. przypadków. Do pojawienia się zrostów dochodzi najczęściej w ciągu pierwszych 30 dni po operacji. Mogą one zaburzać prawidłowe funkcjonowanie narządu.
Obecnie nie istnieje zatwierdzony przez FDA produkt, który zapobiegałby zrostom po operacjach kardiologicznych. Jak podkreśla dr Michael M. Madani, ordynator Oddziału Chirurgii Sercowo-Naczyniowej i Chirurgii Klatki Piersiowej w UC San Diego Health i współautor projektu:
– Nasz produkt będzie miał znaczący wpływ na jakość życia wielu pacjentów, którzy potencjalnie będą wymagać powtarzania operacji w obrębie serca lub jakiejkolwiek innej części ciała.
Źródło: sciencedaily.com
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