Wśród najczęstszych powikłań choroby wrzodowej żołądka i dwunastnicy są takie symptomy jak pojawienie się krwawych bądź fusowatych wymiotów czy smolistych stolców. Co jeszcze może wskazywać na powikłanie wrzodu trawiennego?
Na powikłanie choroby wrzodowej mogą wskazywać również objawy wskazujące na wstrząs, takie jak osłabienie, spocona i zimna skóra oraz spadek ciśnienia tętniczego. Ponadto o tego rodzaju powikłaniu może świadczyć również silny ból brzucha z niezamierzonym napięciem mięśni jamy brzusznej.
Ponadto powikłania te niekiedy mogą zagrażać życiu pacjenta, m.in. w przypadku wystąpienia krwotoku bądź przewlekłego krwawienia, które w konsekwencji może doprowadzić do niedokrwistości związanego z niedoborem żelaza.
Z uwagi na to, że choroba wrzodowa żołądka i dwunastnicy jest poważnym schorzeniem, pacjent powinien być poddany rozszerzonej diagnostyce. Co istotne, wystąpienie wyżej wymienionych powikłań może okazać się pierwszym symptomem choroby.
Wrzody, a w konsekwencji bliznowacenie w miejscu połączenia żołądkowo-dwunastniczego w efekcie może spowodować niedrożność mechaniczną i zablokowanie się treści pokarmowej. Niekiedy wrzody prowadzą również do perforacji ściany żołądka lub dwunastnicy.
Jakie badania potwierdzą chorobę wrzodową żołądka i dwunastnicy?
W rozpoznaniu wrzodów podstawowym badaniem jest gastroskopia, czyli badanie endoskopowe. Dzięki niej możliwe jest nie tylko wykrycie choroby, ale również obecności bakterii Helicobacter pyroli, która zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia choroby. Wówczas pobrane zostaną wycinki w celu szczegółowego badania diagnostycznego pod mikroskopem.
Dotychczas w celu wykrycia choroby wrzodowej żołądka i dwunastnicy stosowano również radiologiczne badanie kontrastowe górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego. Jednak z uwagi na to, że jest ono badaniem dodatkowym, jego znaczenie w diagnostyce spada i jest stosowane coraz rzadziej.
Jakie badania potwierdzą zakażenie bakterią Helicobacter pyroli?
W celu wykluczenia zakażenia bakterią Helicobacter pyroli wykorzystuje się takie metody, jak m.in. szybki test ureazowy, wspomniane wcześniej badanie histopatologiczne bądź hodowlę bakteryjną.
Ponadto stosuje się również testy nieinwazyjne, takie jak test oddechowy z użyciem węgla 13C, testy z krwi na obecność przeciwciał przeciwko Helicobacter pylori (co ważne, po zakończonym procesie leczenia przeciwciała mogą utrzymać się ponad 6 miesięcy na tym samym poziomie), a także test wykrywający antygeny Helicobacter pylori w kale.
Źródło: mp.pl
Przeczytaj także: Fluorescencyjne nanosensory pozwolą wykryć zakażenie w ranie
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