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Minimalnie inwazyjna biopsja skóry – naukowcy opracowali nowe urządzenie

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Badacze z University of Queensland w Australii opracowali urządzenie do mikrobiopsji, które może zmienić sposób diagnozowania nowotworów i innych chorób skóry. Za pomocą tej technologii specjaliści mogą pobrać znacznie mniejsze próbki tkanek skórnych – o średnicy poniżej 0,5 mm. 

Biopsja skóry to badanie diagnostyczne, które polega na pobraniu niewielkiego wycinka skóry objętej zmianą chorobową. Próbka wykorzystywana jest do badań histopatologicznych i pozwala na zdiagnozowanie chorób skórnych, w tym nowotworowych.

Jak przeprowadza się biopsję skóry?

W praktyce klinicznej wyróżnia się dwie metody wykonania biopsji skórnej – przy użyciu sztancy i wycięciową.

Najczęściej wykonuje się biopsję skóry przy użyciu sztancy, którą przeprowadza się w znieczuleniu miejscowym. Jednorazowe narzędzie przypominające strzykawkę przykłada się prostopadle do skóry i lekko obrotowymi ruchami wycina się bloczek tkanek, który następnie odcina się nożyczkami od podstawy. Podczas badania pobierany jest wycinek skóry o średnicy około 2-5 mm. Ranę powstałą po nacięciu można zszyć lub pozostawić samoistnie do wygojenia się.

Biopsja wycięciowa to z kolei chirurgiczne wycięcie fragmentu skóry. Tę metodę stosuje się do usunięcia nowotworów skóry oraz atypowych zmian melanocytowych, które zlokalizowane głęboko w skórze lub w tkance podskórnej.

Urządzenie do mikrobiopsji opracowane przez naukowców z University of Queensland. Źródło: shorthand.uq.edu.au

Niemal bezbolesna biopsja skóry

Australijscy naukowcy postanowili opracować urządzenie, które poprawi komfort pacjentów poddawanych biopsji. Rozwiązanie jest niemal bezbolesne i pozostawia na skórze jedynie niewielkie nakłucia, które goją się w przeciągu kilku dni. Podczas biopsji pobierany jest wycinek skóry o średnicy mniejszej niż 0,5 mm. Do przeprowadzenia badania nie ma konieczności wykonywania znieczulenia miejscowego oraz zakładania szwów po pobraniu wycinka.

Prof. H. Peter Soyer z Centrum Badań Dermatologicznych Wydziału Medycyny na University of Queensland podkreśla, że to mniej inwazyjne urządzenie do mikrobiopsji pozwoli również na lepszą diagnostykę oraz monitorowanie postępów choroby, bez konieczności wykonywania ingerencyjnych biopsji. Ekspert podkreśla ponadto, że do przeprowadzenia diagnostyki molekularnej potrzebne jest jedynie ćwierć milimetra skóry.

Źródła: The University of Queensland, mp.pl, sarcoma.pl

 

Przeczytaj także: Nowa technologia obrazowania alternatywą dla wykonywania biopsji skóry

Biblioteka Faktów

Przeczytaj bezpłatnie pokrewny artykuł w czasopiśmie „Pielęgniarstwo w Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Opiece”:

Rany nowotworowe skóry – objawy i postępowanie miejscowe

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