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Diagnostyka dermatologiczna – czy znasz te objawy?

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W diagnostyce chorób dermatologicznych wyróżnia się szereg objawów, których rozpoznanie może znacząco ułatwić rozpoznanie i różnicowanie jednostek chorobowych. Dzięki temu możliwe jest skuteczne leczenie zmian skórnych i ran występujących w przebiegu tych chorób.

Objaw Koebnera

Występuje w aktywnej fazie łuszczycy, a także w przebiegu liszaja płaskiego i atopowego zapalenia skóry. Dodatni objaw Koebnera obserwuje się w miejscach, gdzie doszło do przerwania ciągłości naskórka lub błony śluzowej z powodu urazu mechanicznego. Po upływie kilku dni wzdłuż linii zadrapania lub skaleczenia pojawiają się linijnie ułożone wykwity chorobowe.

Objaw Nikolskiego

Dodatni objaw Nikolskiego obserwuje się w przypadku, kiedy dochodzi do spełzania naskórka w wyniku mechanicznego pocierania powierzchni skóry. Objaw Nikolskiego występuje w przebiegu pęcherzycy zwykłej i liściastej oraz rumienia wielopostaciowego i łuszczycy krostkowej, w toksycznej nekrolizie naskórka oraz w zespole Rittera (gronkowcowy zespół oparzonej skóry).

Objaw diaskopii

Dodatni objaw diaskopii oznacza, że w wyniku ucisku zmian skórnych szkiełkiem nakrywkowym przybierają one kolor palonego cukru. Objaw ten występuje m.in. w przebiegu sarkoidozy i skórnej postaci gruźlicy.

Objaw patergii

Patergia to objaw występujący u pacjentów z chorobą Behceta. Polega on na tym, że w wyniku niewielkiego urazu skóry (np. nakłucie igłą) dochodzi do rozwoju zmian zapalnych. Jeżeli w ciągu 24-48 godzin w miejscu nakłucia pojawiają się zmiany w postaci wypukłych grudek, wysypki lub krost z treścią ropną, stwierdza się dodatni objaw patergii.

Objaw naparstka

Objaw naparstka obserwuje się w obrębie płytki paznokciowej. Na jej powierzchni widoczne są punktowe wgłębienia spowodowane zniszczeniem łożyska paznokcia, przypominające ukłucia szpilką. Objaw naparstka stwierdza się m.in. w przebiegu łuszczycy i łuszczycowego zapalenia stawów.

Źródło: czelej.com.pl, podyplomie.pl, czytelniamedyczna.pl

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122 thoughts on “Diagnostyka dermatologiczna – czy znasz te objawy?

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