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Chip „programuje” komórki, by m.in. wspierały gojenie się ran

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Naukowcy z Indiana University opracowali krzemowy chip, który potrafi zmienić komórki skóry w komórki naczyń krwionośnych lub komórki nerwowe. W badaniach laboratoryjnych eksperci udowodnili, że wynalazek pozwoli na szybsze gojenie się rozległych ran.

Badacze opracowali już prototyp chipu i mają nadzieję na uzyskanie zgody amerykańskiej Agencji ds. Żywności i Leków już w przyszłym roku, co pozwoli na przeprowadzenie pierwszych badań klinicznych u ludzi – w szpitalach, ośrodkach zdrowia i izbach przyjęć. Naukowcy podejrzewają, że narzędzie byłoby bardzo przydatne dla służb ratunkowych i wojska.

Narzędzie zmienia funkcje komórek

Wynalazek działa z wykorzystaniem zjawiska transfekcji, które polega na pobudzeniu komórki krótkim impulsem prądu. Poprzez to możliwe jest dostarczenie do jej wnętrza pożądanych składników – w tym przypadku kolistych nici DNA zwanych plazmidami. Gdy dostają się do wnętrza komórki, mogą ją przekształcić w inny rodzaj.

– Ten mały krzemowy chip jest narzędziem nanotechnologii, które może zmieniać funkcje komórek. Na przykład, jeśli ktoś potrzebuje krwi po wypadku, a naczynia krwionośne uległy zniszczeniu, będziemy mogli przekształcić komórki skóry w komórki naczyń krwionośnych i ocalić zagrożoną kończynę – mówi Chandan Sen, dyrektor Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering.

W badaniach laboratoryjnych naukowcy udowodnili, że chip byłby skuteczny w przypadku leczenia rozległych ran. W przyszłości technologia ta będzie mogła być wykorzystywana również w leczeniu skutków udaru mózgu lub uszkodzeń nerwów spowodowanych przez cukrzycę.

Produkcja chipu zajmuje do 6 dni

Jednym z niezwykłych osiągnięć medycyny w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad jest możliwość pobierania wyspecjalizowanych komórek i przekształcenia ich w komórki macierzyste, które mają ogromny potencjał terapeutyczny, m.in. w procesie leczenia ran. Metoda ta wymaga jednak wyspecjalizowanych procedur laboratoryjnych i może wiązać się z wieloma zagrożeniami, np. z powstawaniem komórek nowotworowych czy odrzuceniem komórek przez organizm. Naukowcy z Indiany uznali, że konieczny jest prostszy system, który nie będzie wymagał tak skomplikowanych kroków.

Naukowcy przedstawili dokładny przepis na zbudowanie krzemowego chipu, by inni specjaliści mogli korzystać z tego rozwiązania. Badacze mają nadzieję, że w przyszłości urządzenie będzie wykorzystywane w szpitalach na całym świecie. Prof. Sen podkreśla, że produkcja chipu zajmuje od 5 do 6 dni osobom, które są wyspecjalizowane w tej dziedzinie.

Źródło: Indiana University, focus.pl

 

Przeczytaj także: Powstał lek, który kieruje komórki macierzyste prosto do uszkodzonej tkanki

 

 

Przeczytaj bezpłatnie pokrewny artykuł w czasopiśmie „Chirurgia Plastyczna i Oparzenia”:

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