Inżynierowie biomedyczni i chirurdzy z Duke University i UCLA opracowali technologię powlekania implantów ortopedycznych z wykorzystaniem specjalnego środka uwalniającego antybiotyki w celu uniknięcia zakażenia. „Powłoka może być bezpiecznie i szybko stosowana na sali operacyjnej, bez konieczności modyfikacji implantów” – podkreśla Christopher Hart, rezydent z UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery.
Powłoka składa się z dwóch specjalnych polimerów mających zdolność łączenia się z niemal każdym antybiotykiem. Pod wpływem światła ultrafioletowego polimery tworzą strukturę przypominającą siatkę, która uwalnia antybiotyk i chroni przed infekcją. Środek nakładany jest na implant przed wszczepieniem go do organizmu.
Spersonalizowane podejście do zapobiegania infekcjom implantów
Pierwsze badania dotyczące powłoki dla implantów zostały przeprowadzone na modelu mysim. Naukowcy wykazali, że po 20 dniach od wszczepienia implantu kości nóg i kręgosłupa nie doszło do zahamowania wzrostu kości, a organizm był zabezpieczony w 100 proc. przed infekcją bez konieczności korzystania z dożylnych wlewów antybiotykowych. Ponadto środek został całkowicie wchłonięty przez organizm. Tatiana Segura, profesor inżynierii biomedycznej w Duke University, podkreśla, że powłoka umożliwia spersonalizowane podejście, ponieważ można ją łączyć z prawie każdym antybiotykiem.
– Lekarz może wybrać antybiotyk w zależności od tego, gdzie w ciele wszczepiany jest implant i jakie patogeny są powszechne w regionie, w którym odbywa się operacja – dodaje ekspertka.
Badacze wykazali również, że powłoka antybakteryjna nie ulega uszkodzeniom w czasie zabiegu operacyjnego, dopiero warunki panujące wewnątrz organizmu pozwalają na degradację powłoki i uwalnianie się antybiotyku.
Inteligentny środek przeciwdrobnoustrojowy
Dr Nicholas Bernthal, z UCLA, specjalizujący się w ortopedii dziecięcej i chirurgii, zwraca uwagę, że infekcje implantów ortopedycznych są szczególnie uciążliwe u dzieci z rakiem kości, które poddawane są chemioterapii. Układ odpornościowy jest wówczas bardzo słaby i podatny na zakażenia. Chociaż infekcje u tych pacjentów nie są częstym powikłaniem, to konsekwencje jego wystąpienia mogą być dużym obciążeniem dla organizmu. Infekcja implantu ortopedycznego wiąże się z powtórną operacją lub długotrwałą dożylną antybiotykoterapią. Leczenie nie zawsze jest skuteczne, a ryzyko zgonu w ciągu 5 lat jest wyże w porównaniu z pacjentami, u których zdiagnozowano HIV/AIDS lub raka piersi. Zdaniem dr. Bernthala zapobieganie zakażeniom jest znacznie łatwiejsze niż ich leczenie.
Obecnie naukowcy planują badania na kolejnych zwierzętach, by móc przetestować powłokę na większych implantach. Według dr. Bernthala, wynalazek reprezentuje przyszłość implantów chirurgicznych. „Powłoka przekształca implant z gorącego punktu infekcji w inteligentny środek przeciwdrobnoustrojowy” – dodaje ekspert.
Źródło: medicalexpress.com
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